Usihlosile
Umalaleveva uyisifo esiyingozi, ngezinye izikhathi esibulalayo, esiyisinanakazana esibonakala ngemfiva, ukugodola, kanye ne-anemia futhi sibangelwa isilokazane esisakazwa komunye umuntu ngokulunywa omiyane abanegciwane i-Anopheles.Kunezinhlobo ezine zikamalaleveva ezingangena kubantu: I-Plasmodium falciparum, i-P. vivax, i-P. ovale, ne-P. malariae.Kubantu, ama-parasites (abizwa ngokuthi ama-sporozoites) athuthela esibindi lapho avuthwa khona futhi akhulule enye indlela, i-merozoites.Lesi sifo siyinkinga enkulu yezempilo ezindaweni eziningi ezishisayo nasezindaweni ezishisayo.Abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-200 emhlabeni banomalaleveva.
Njengamanje, umalaleveva utholakala ngokubheka izimuncagazi ethonsini legazi.Igazi lizofakwa kusilayidi se-microscope futhi libe namabala ukuze izimuncagazi zibonakale ngesibonakhulu.Kwakamuva nje, izinkinga zokuxilonga emtholampilo ezihlobene nomalaleveva ukutholwa kwamasosha omzimba kamalaleveva egazini lomuntu noma ku-serum nge-immunoassay.Ifomethi ye-ELISA kanye nefomethi ye-immunochromatographic (esheshayo) yokuthola i-antibody ye-malaria iyatholakala muva nje.
Isimiso Sokuhlola
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Malaria Pf ukuhlolwa kwe-immunochromatographic (okusheshayo) kokutholwa kwekhwalithi yamasosha omzimba awo wonke ama-isotypes (IgG, IgM, IgA) aqondene ne-Plasmodium falciparum ne-Plasmodium vivax ngesikhathi esisodwa ku-serum yomuntu, i-plasma noma igazi lonke.
Ukwakheka okuyinhloko
1. Ikhadi lokuhlola 2. Iphedi likakotini elilahlwayo 3. Inalithi yokuqoqwa kwegazi elilahlwayo 4. I-Diluent
Izimo zesitoreji nokuba semthethweni
1.Londoloza ku-4℃～40℃,isikhathi sokuqinisekisa sisethelwe okwesikhashana izinyanga ezingama-24.
2.Ngemva kokuvula isikhwama se-aluminium foil, ikhadi lokuhlola kufanele lisetshenziswe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka phakathi kwemizuzu engama-30.I-diluent eyisampula kufanele ivalwe ngokushesha ngemva kokuvula futhi ibekwe endaweni epholile.Sicela uyisebenzise phakathi nesikhathi sokuqinisekisa.
Isicelo sesampula
1. Igazi eliphelele : Qoqa igazi lonke usebenzisa i-anti-coagulant efanelekile.
2. i-serum noma i-plasma: I-Centrifuge igazi eliphelele ukuze uthole i-plasma noma isampula se-serum.
3. Uma izibonelo zingahlolwa ngokushesha kufanele zifakwe efrijini ku-2 ~ 8°C.Ezikhathini zokugcina ezinkulu kunezinsuku ezintathu, ukuqandisa kuyanconywa.Kufanele zilethwe ekamelweni lokushisa ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa.
4. Izifanekiso eziqukethe imvula zingase ziveze imiphumela yokuhlola engahambisani.Izibonelo ezinjalo kufanele zicaciswe ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.
5. Igazi lonke lingasetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa ngokushesha noma lingagcinwa ku-2 ~ 8°C kuze kube yizinsuku ezintathu.
Indlela yokuhlola
Sicela ufunde imiyalelo yokusetshenziswa ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.Amasampula azohlolwa, ama-reagents okutholwa nezinye izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlola adinga ukulingana nezinga lokushisa legumbi.Ukuhlolwa kufanele kwenziwe ekamelweni lokushisa.
1.Khipha ikhadi lephepha lokuhlola ngokuklebhula isikhwama se-aluminium foil, bese usibeka phansi endaweni yokusebenza.
2.Qala usebenzise i-pipette yepulasitiki ukuze ufise ithonsi elingu-1 legazi eliphelele, i-serum noma isampula ye-plasma (cishe i-10μ1) emthonjeni wesampula (S) wekhadi lokuhlola.Bese wengeza amaconsi ama-2 ukuya kwangu-3 (cishe ama-50 kuye kwayi-100 μl) wesampula yokuhlanjululwa.
3.Buka imiphumela yokuhlolwa phakathi kwemizuzu engu-5-30 (imiphumela ayisebenzi ngemva kwemizuzu engama-30).
Isexwayiso: Isikhathi sokuhumusha esingenhla sisekelwe ekufundeni imiphumela yokuhlolwa ekamelweni lokushisa lika-15 ~ 30°C.Uma izinga lokushisa ekamelweni lakho lingaphansi kakhulu kuka-15°C, khona-ke isikhathi sokuhumusha kufanele senyuswe ngendlela efanele.
Ukuhunyushwa kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa
Okuhle: Umugqa onemibala endaweni yomugqa wokulawula (C) uyavela futhi umugqa onemibala uvela esifundeni somugqa wokuhlola (T).Umphumela uba positive.
Okubi:Umugqa onemibala endaweni yomugqa wokulawula (C) uyavela futhi awukho umugqa onombala ovela esifundeni somugqa wokuhlola (T). Umphumela uba negative.
Okungavumelekile: Awukho umugqa ovele endaweni C.
Okungavumelekile: Awukho umugqa ovele endaweni C.
Imikhawulo yezindlela zokuhlola
1. Ukuhlola kulinganiselwe ekutholeni amasosha omzimba kuMalariya kokubili i-Plasmodium falciparum ne-Plasmodium vivax kanye kanye.Nakuba ukuhlolwa kunembile kakhulu ekutholeni amasosha omzimba ku-Malaria Pf, kungase kwenzeke izehlakalo eziphansi zemiphumela engamanga.Okunye ukuhlolwa okutholakala emtholampilo kuyadingeka uma kutholakala imiphumela engabazekayo.Njengazo zonke izivivinyo zokuxilonga, ukuxilongwa okuqondile komtholampilo akufanele kusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa okukodwa, kodwa kufanele kwenziwe udokotela kuphela ngemva kokuba konke okutholwe emitholampilo naselabhorethri sekuhlolwe.
2. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa yalo mkhiqizo ihunyushwa ngamehlo omuntu, futhi isengozini yokubhekana nezinto ezifana namaphutha okuhlola okubukwayo noma izinqumo ezizimele.Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuphinda ukuhlolwa lapho umbala webhande ungelula ukunquma.
3. Lesi sikhumbuzi siwukutholwa kwekhwalithi.
4.Lesi senzo sisetshenziselwa ukutholwa kwe-serum yomuntu siqu, i-plasma noma amasampula egazi lonke.Ungayisebenzisi ukuthola amathe, umchamo noma olunye uketshezi lomzimba
IZIMPAWU ZOKUSEBENZA
1. Ukuzwela nokucaciswa kwayo:Ukuhlolwa kwe-Malaria Pf kuhlolwe ngamasampula omtholampilo abonisa ukuthi unesimo esihle noma esibi ahlolwe ngokuhlolwa okungabonakali kwegazi eliphelele.
Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kweMalariya Pf
| Ireferensi | Umalaleveva Pf | Isamba Semiphumela | ||
| Indlela | Umphumela | Okuhle (T) | Okubi | |
| ukuhlolwa kwe-microscopic | Pf Positive | 150 | 20 | 170 |
| Pf Negative | 3 | 197 | 200 | |
| Isamba Semiphumela | 153 | 217 | 370 | |
Uma kuqhathaniswa ukuhlolwa kwe-Malaria Pf kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-microscopic kwegazi lonke, imiphumela inikeze ukuzwela okungama-88.2% (150/170), okucaciswe okungu-98.5% (197/200), kanye nesivumelwano esiphelele sama-93.8% (347/370) .
2. Ukunemba
Ngesikhathi sokusebenza ukunemba kwanqunywa ngokusebenzisa izifaniso ezingu-10 zezibonelo ezine ezihlukene eziqukethe ukugxila okuhlukile kwama-antibody.Amanani anegethivu kanye nephozithivu akhonjwe ngendlela efanele u-100% wesikhathi.
Phakathi kokunemba kokuqaliswa kwanqunywa ngokusebenzisa izifanekiso ezine ezihlukene eziqukethe ukugxilisa okuhlukile kwamasosha omzimba kuzimpinda ezi-3 ezihlukene ezinamadivaysi amaningi okuhlola angu-3.Nakulokhu imiphumela engemihle kanye nemihle yabonwa 100% wesikhathi.
I-PROCAUTION
1. Okokusetshenziswa kwe-in vitro diagnostic kuphela.
2. Ungadli noma ungabhemi ngenkathi uphatha izibonelo.
3. Gqoka amagilavu okuzivikela ngenkathi uphatha izibonelo.Geza izandla kahle ngemva kwalokho.
4. Gwema ukuchaphaza noma ukwakheka kwe-aerosol.
5. Hlanza kahle okuchithekile usebenzisa isibulala-magciwane esifanele.
6. Khipha futhi ulahle zonke izibonelo, izinto zokusabela kanye nezinto ezingase zingcoliswe, njengokungathi udoti othathelwanayo, esitsheni se-biohazard.
7. Ungayisebenzisi ikhithi yokuhlola uma isikhwama silimele noma uphawu luphukile.
【Inkomba yezimpawu ze-CE】
